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Creators/Authors contains: "Fairey, Julian L"

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  1. ; ; (, Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health)
    Prasse, C (Ed.)
    Intrinsic disinfection byproducts are formed by reactions between disinfectant species and/or their decomposition products. In this review, we focus on a subset that accumulates in free chlorine and chloramine drinking water systems. First, we review the sequential formation of chlorite, chlorate, and perchlorate in hypochlorite feedstocks. Model simulations indicate chlorate and perchlorate can accumulate under realistic dosing conditions and can be managed with less concentrated feedstocks and climate-controlled storage. Second, we review the formation pathways of dichloramine and chloronitramide anion. Chloronitramide anion accumulation may be mitigated by increasing monochloramine stability and quenching reactive nitrogen species in its formation pathway. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 1, 2026
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Science)
    Funk, Michael A (Ed.)
    Inorganic chloramines are commonly used drinking water disinfectants intended to safeguard public health and curb regulated disinfection by-product formation. However, inorganic chloramines themselves produce by-products that are poorly characterized. We report chloronitramide anion (Cl–N–NO2−) as a previously unidentified end product of inorganic chloramine decomposition. Analysis of chloraminated US drinking waters found Cl–N–NO2−in all samples tested (n= 40), with a median concentration of 23 micrograms per liter and first and third quartiles of 1.3 and 92 micrograms per liter, respectively. Cl–N–NO2−warrants occurrence and toxicity studies in chloraminated water systems that serve more than 113 million people in the US alone. 
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    Full Text Available 
  3. ; ; (, Environmental Science & Technology)